Smolensky, P., P.I.; Badecker, W., Brent, M., Burzio, L., Frank, R., Jusczyk, P., Legendre, G., Rapp, B., Vainikka, A. co-P.I.s. Problem-centered research training: Integrating formal and empirical methods in the cognitive science of language. Integrated Graduate Education and Research Training Program, NSF. 7/99-6/04 Smolensky, P., P.I.; Brent, M., Brill, E., Frank, R., Jusczyk, P., Legendre, G., Prince, A., Stevenson, S., & Yarowsky, D., co-P.I.s. Optimization in language and language learning. Learning and Intelligent Systems Initiative, Knowledge Models and Cognitive Systems Program, NSF. 7/97-6/00. Smolensky, P., P.I.; Legendre, G., co-P.I. Integration of Connectionist and Symbolic Computation for Linguistic Modeling. Knowledge Models and Cognitive Systems Program, NSF. 1/93 - 6/96. Smolensky, P., P.I.; Legendre, G., co-P.I. Towards an Integrated Connectionist/Symbolic Theory of Higher Cognition. Linguistics Program, Human Cognition and Perception Program, and Cognitive Science Initiative, NSF. 8/92 - 7/94. Smolensky, P., P.I.; Legendre, G., co-P.I. Towards an Integrated Connectionist/Symbolic Theory of Higher Cognition: Research Experiences for Undergraduates Supplement. 1993. Mozer, M. C., P.I.; Smolensky, P., co-P.I. Connectionist Models Summer School. Cognitive Science Initiative and Knowledge Models and Cognitive Systems Program, NSF. 4/93 - 3/94. Prince, A., Smolensky, P., P.I.s. Universal phonology through harmony theory. Small Grant for Exploratory Research, Linguistics Program, NSF. 8/90 - 7/91. Smolensky, P., recipient. Gift for support development of the EUCLID system. Apple Computer, Inc. 9/90 - 9/91. Schnabel, R., P.I.; King, R., Lewis, C., Main, M., Nutt, G., Smolensky, P., co-P.I.s Effective use of parallel and distributed computing. Institutional Infrastructure Program, NSF. 9/90 - 8/95. Smolensky, P. P.I.; Fox, B., King, R., Lewis, C., co-P.I.s. Computer-aided reasoned discourse: the EUCLID system. Interactive Systems Program, Computer and Information Science and Engineering Directorate, NSF. 4/87 - 9/90. Smolensky, P. Investigator, Optical Connectionist Machine Program. NSF Engineering Research Center for Optoelectronic Computing Systems. 5/87 - 4/92. McNaughton, B., Nadel, L., O'Keefe, J., & Smolensky, P., co-P.I.s. Spatial computation in the mammalian hippocampal formation. Computational Neuroscience Program, Sloan Foundation. 2/87 - 2/90. Smolensky, P., P.I. Inference in massively parallel artificial intelligence systems. Information Science Program, Information Science and Technology Division, NSF. 8/86 - 7/89. Smolensky, P., P.I.; Anderson, D. Z., Cohen, M., Feinberg, J., co-P.I.s. Distributed processing in continuous optical media. Lightwave Technology Program, Engineering Division, NSF. 9/87 - 2/89. Smolensky, P., P.I. Support for research on connectionism and the EUCLID system. Symbolics, Inc. 9/86 - 8/89.